Karen L. Kotloff, James P. Nataro, William C. Blackwelder, Dilruba Nasrin et al.
Background Diarrhoeal diseases cause illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income countries. We designed the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) to identify the aetiology and population-based burden of paediatric diarrhoeal disease in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Met...
Jie Liu, James A Platts-Mills, Jane Juma, Furqan Kabir et al.
Background Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, but establishing the cause can be complicated by diverse diagnostic approaches and varying test characteristics. We used quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to reassess causes of diarrhoea in the Global Enteri...
Maria Argos, Tara Kalra, Paul J. Rathouz, Yu Chen et al.
Background Millions of people worldwide are chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water, including 35–77 million people in Bangladesh. The association between arsenic exposure and mortality rate has not been prospectively investigated by use of individual-level data. We therefore prospecti...
Sofie Livio, Nancy Strockbine, Sandra Panchalingam, Sharon M. Tennant et al.
BACKGROUND: Shigella, a major diarrheal disease pathogen worldwide, is the target of vaccine development. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) investigated burden and etiology of moderate-to-severe diarrheal disease in children aged <60 months and matched controls without diarrhea during 3 ye...
Yu Chen, Faruque Parvez, Mary V. Gamble, Tariqul Islam et al.
The contamination of groundwater by arsenic in Bangladesh is a major public health concern affecting 35-75 million people. Although it is evident that high levels (>300 microg/L) of arsenic exposure from drinking water are related to adverse health outcomes, health effects of arsenic exposure at low...
Faruque Ahmed, Hiroaki Ishiga
Abdullah Sayam, A. N. M. Masudur Rahman, Md. Sakibur Rahman, Shamima Akter Smriti et al.
The utilization of carbonaceous reinforcement-based polymer matrix composites in structural applications has become a hot topic in composite research. Although conventional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have revolutionized the composite industry by offering unparalleled features...
Samba O. Sow, Khitam Muhsen, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder et al.
BACKGROUND: The importance of Cryptosporidium as a pediatric enteropathogen in developing countries is recognized. METHODS: Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), a 3-year, 7-site, case-control study of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and GEMS-1A (1-year study of MSD and less-sever...
Karen L. Kotloff, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder, Yukun Wu et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) has described the incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of medically attended moderate-to-severe diarrhoe...
Khalid Khan, Gail A. Wasserman, Xinhua Liu, Ershad Ahmed et al.
Drinking water manganese (WMn) is a potential threat to children’s health due to its associations with a wide range of outcomes including cognitive, behavioral and neuropsychological effects. Although adverse effects of Mn on cognitive function of the children indicate possible impact on their acade...
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Mohammed Abdus Salam, Jonathan H. Smith, Tahmeed Ahmed et al.
Background In developing countries, mortality in children with very severe pneumonia is high, even with the provision of appropriate antibiotics, standard oxygen therapy, and other supportive care. We assessed whether oxygen therapy delivered by bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) impr...
Shams El Arifeen, Aliki Christou, Laura Reichenbach, Ferdous Arfina Osman et al.
In Bangladesh, rapid advancements in coverage of many health interventions have coincided with impressive reductions in fertility and rates of maternal, infant, and childhood mortality. These advances, which have taken place despite such challenges as widespread poverty, political instability, and f...
Alexander van Geen, Habibul Ahsan, A. Horneman, Ratan Dhar et al.
OBJECTIVE: To survey tube wells and households in Araihazar upazila, Bangladesh, to set the stage for a long-term epidemiological study of the consequences of chronic arsenic exposure. METHODS: Water samples and household data were collected over a period of 4 months in 2000 from 4997 contiguous tub...
Khalid Khan, Pam Factor‐Litvak, Gail A. Wasserman, Xinhua Liu et al.
Background: Evidence of neurological, cognitive, and neuropsychological effects of manganese (Mn) exposure from drinking water (WMn) in children has generated widespread public health concern. At elevated exposures, Mn has been associated with increased levels of externalizing behaviors, including i...
Myron M. Levine, Dilruba Nasrin, Sozinho Acácio, Quique Bassat et al.
BACKGROUND: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was a 3-year case-control study that measured the burden, aetiology, and consequences of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in children aged 0-59 months. GEMS-1A, a 12-month follow-on study, comprised two parallel case-control studies, one asse...