David A. Sack, R. Bradley Sack, G. Balakrish Nair, Siddique Ak
Intestinal infection with Vibrio cholerae results in the loss of large volumes of watery stool, leading to severe and rapidly progressing dehydration and shock. Without adequate and appropriate rehydration therapy, severe cholera kills about half of affected individuals. Cholera toxin, a potent stim...
G. Balakrish Nair, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Sujit Bhattacharya, Basabjit Dutta et al.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as a cause of food-borne gastroenteritis, particularly in the Far East, where raw seafood consumption is high. An unusual increase in admissions of V. parahaemolyticus cases was observed at the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Calcutta, a city in the northeastern...
Lorenz von Seidlein, Deok Ryun Kim, Mohammad Ali, Hyejon Lee et al.
BACKGROUND: The burden of shigellosis is greatest in resource-poor countries. Although this diarrheal disease has been thought to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in excess of 1,000,000 deaths globally per year, little recent data are available to guide intervention strategies in Asia. We ...
John D. Clemens, G. Balakrish Nair, Tahmeed Ahmed, Firdausi Qadri et al.
Cholera is an acute, watery diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae of the O1 or O139 serogroups. In the past two centuries, cholera has emerged and spread from the Ganges Delta six times and from Indonesia once to cause global pandemics. Rational approaches to the case management of cholera wi...
Rita R. Colwell, Anwar Huq, M. Sirajul Islam, K. M. A. Aziz et al.
Based on results of ecological studies demonstrating that Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of epidemic cholera, is commensal to zooplankton, notably copepods, a simple filtration procedure was developed whereby zooplankton, most phytoplankton, and particulates >20 microm were removed from wate...
Jongsik Chun, Christopher J. Grim, Nur A. Hasan, Jehee Lee et al.
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a bacterium autochthonous to the aquatic environment, and a serious public health threat. V. cholerae serogroup O1 is responsible for the previous two cholera pandemics, in which classical and El Tor biotypes were dominant in the sixth and the curr...
Shah M. Faruque, Iftekhar Bin Naser, M. Johirul Islam, Abu Syed Golam Faruque et al.
The relationship among (i) the local incidence of cholera, (ii) the prevalence in the aquatic environment of Vibrio cholerae, and (iii) bacterial viruses that attack potentially virulent O1 and O139 serogroup strains of this organism (cholera phages) was studied in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Over nearly a 3...
Shah M. Faruque, Kuntal Biswas, S. M. Nashir Udden, Qazi Shafi Ahmad et al.
The factors that enhance the waterborne spread of bacterial epidemics and sustain the epidemic strain in nature are unclear. Although the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera is known to be transmitted by water contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, routine isolation of pathogenic strains from ...
Guillaume Constantin de Magny, Raghu Murtugudde, Mathew R. P. Sapiano, Azhar Nizam et al.
The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae , has been shown to be autochthonous to riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters along with its host, the copepod, a significant member of the zooplankton community. Temperature, salinity, rainfall and plankton have proven to be important factors in the...
Anwar Huq, R. Bradley Sack, Azhar Nizam, Ira M. Longini et al.
The occurrence of outbreaks of cholera in Africa in 1970 and in Latin America in 1991, mainly in coastal communities, and the appearance of the new serotype Vibrio cholerae O139 in India and subsequently in Bangladesh have stimulated efforts to understand environmental factors influencing the growth...
G. Balakrish Nair, Shah M. Faruque, N. A. Bhuiyan, Muhammad Kamruzzaman et al.
ABSTRACT The sixth pandemic of cholera and, presumably, the earlier pandemics were caused by the classical biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1, which was progressively replaced by the El Tor biotype representing the seventh cholera pandemic. Although the classical biotype of V. cholerae O1 is extinct, eve...
Shah M. Faruque, M. Johirul Islam, Qazi Shafi Ahmad, Abu Syed Golam Faruque et al.
Phage predation of Vibrio cholerae has recently been reported to be a factor that influences seasonal epidemics of cholera in Bangladesh. To understand more about this phenomenon, we studied the dynamics of the V. cholerae-phage interaction during a recent epidemic in Dhaka. Because the outbreak str...
W. Abdullah Brooks, Anowar Hossain, Doli Goswami, Amina Tahia Sharmeen et al.
We confirmed a bacteremic typhoid fever incidence of 3.9 episodes/1,000 person-years during fever surveillance in a Dhaka urban slum. The relative risk for preschool children compared with older persons was 8.9. Our regression model showed that these children were clinically ill, which suggests a ro...
Sujit Bhattacharya, Dipika Sur, Mohammad Ali, Suman Kanungo et al.
Background Efficacy and safety of a two-dose regimen of bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India) to 3 years is established, but long-term efficacy is not. We aimed to assess protective efficacy up to 5 years in a slum area of Kolkata, India. Methods In ...
G. Balakrish Nair, Firdausi Qadri, Jan Holmgren, Ann–Mari Svennerholm et al.
We determined the types of cholera toxin (CT) produced by a collection of 185 Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Bangladesh over the past 45 years. All of the El Tor strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated since 2001 produced CT of the classical biotype, while those isolated before 2001 produced CT o...