Harish Nair, W. Abdullah Brooks, Mark Katz, Anna Roca et al.
Background The global burden of disease attributable to seasonal influenza virus in children is unknown. We aimed to estimate the global incidence of and mortality from lower respiratory infections associated with influenza in children younger than 5 years. Methods We estimated the incidence of infl...
Harish Nair, Eric A. F. Simões, Igor Rudan, Bradford D. Gessner et al.
Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods...
You Li, Rachel M Reeves, Xin Wang, Quique Bassat et al.
BACKGROUND: Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus are the most common viruses associated with acute lower respiratory infections in young children (<5 years) and older people (≥65 years). A global report of the monthly activity of these viruses is nee...
Xin Wang, You Li, Katherine L. O’Brien, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this s...
Kathryn E. Lafond, Harish Nair, Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly, Fátima Valente et al.
BACKGROUND: The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has be...
Xin Wang, You Li, Maria Deloria Knoll, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Human metapneumovirus is a common virus associated with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children. No global burden estimates are available for ALRIs associated with human metapneumovirus in children, and no licensed vaccines or drugs exist for human metapneumovirus infectio...
Elizabeth Fitchett, Anna C. Seale, Stefania Vergnano, Michael Sharland et al.
Neonatal infections are estimated to account for a quarter of the 2·8 million annual neonatal deaths, as well as approximately 3% of all disability-adjusted life-years. Despite this burden, few data are available on incidence, aetiology, and outcomes, particularly regarding impairment. We aimed to d...
Igor Rudan, Shams El Arifeen, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Robert E. Black et al.
Igor Rudan and colleagues report the results of their consensus building exercise that identified health research priorities to help reduce child mortality from pneumonia.
Marina Romanello, Maria Walawender, Shih-Che Hsu, Annalyse Moskeland et al.
Igor Rudan, Shams El Arifeen, Robert E. Black, Harry Campbell
Childhood pneumonia and diarrhoeal disease cause almost half of all child deaths globally. Effective interventions against these conditions are available and could prevent about two-thirds of these deaths. We argue that part of the reason for the lack of success in delivering these interventions is ...
Shanshan Zhang, Peter M. Sammon, Isobel King, Ana Lúcia Andrade et al.
BACKGROUND: Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of childhood illness and the second leading cause of child death globally. Understanding the costs associated with the management of childhood pneumonia is essential for resource allocation and priority setting for child health. METHODS: We conducted ...
Harry Campbell, Shams El Arifeen, Tabish Hazir, James O’Kelly et al.
Pneumonia remains a major cause of child death globally, and improving antibiotic treatment rates is a key control strategy. Progress in improving the global coverage of antibiotic treatment is monitored through large household surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multipl...
Xin Wang, You Li, Maria Deloria Knoll, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) is a common virus in childhood acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI). However, no estimates have been made to quantify the global burden of hPIV in childhood ALRI. We aimed to estimate the global and regional hPIV-associated and hPIV-attributable ALRI...
Igor Rudan, Jennifer Gibson, Lydia Kapiriri, Mary Ann Lansang et al.
This article reviews theoretical and practical approaches for setting priorities in global child health research investments. It also provides an overview of previous attempts to develop appropriate tools and methodologies to define priorities in health research investments. A brief review of the mo...
Igor Rudan, Sachiyo Yoshida, Kit Yee Chan, Devi Sridhar et al.
BACKGROUND: Several recent reviews of the methods used to set research priorities have identified the CHNRI method (acronym derived from the "Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative") as an approach that clearly became popular and widely used over the past decade. In this paper we review the ...
Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Aniqa Tasnim Hossain, Harish Nair, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti et al.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia accounts for around 15% of all deaths of children younger than 5 years globally. Most happen in resource-constrained settings and are potentially preventable. Hypoxaemia is one of the strongest predictors of these deaths. We present an updated estimate of hypoxaemia prevalence ...
Julia Webster, Evropi Τheodoratou, Harish Nair, Ang Choon Seong et al.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) or pneumococcus is estimated to cause 821,000 child deaths each year. It has over 90 serotypes, of which 7 to 13 serotypes are included in current formulations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines th...
Tabish Hazir, Khadija Begum, Shams El Arifeen, Amira M. Khan et al.
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia as measured by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) is a key indicator for tracking progress in achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. Concerns about the validity of this indicator led us to perform an eva...
Harish Nair, Vasundhara Verma, Evropi Τheodoratou, Lina Zgaga et al.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. It is estimated to cause approximately 33.8 million new episodes of ALRI in children annually, 96% of these occurring in developing countries. It is also estimated to result i...
Dwight Stambolian, Robert Wojciechowski, Konrad Oexle, Mario Pirastu et al.
Visual refractive errors (REs) are complex genetic traits with a largely unknown etiology. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of moderate size have identified several novel risk markers for RE, measured here as mean spherical equivalent (MSE). We performed a GWAS using a total of 7280 ...