Christopher J L Murray, Ryan M Barber, Kyle J Foreman, Ayşe Abbasoğlu Özgören et al.
Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age–sex grou...
Joel B. Smith, Stephen H. Schneider, Michael Oppenheimer, Gary Yohe et al.
Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [United Nations (1992) http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009] commits signatory nations to stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that "would prevent dangero...
Anna Kopf, Mesude Bicak, Renzo Kottmann, Julia Schnetzer et al.
Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world's oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the ...
Kathryn Thomson, Calie Dyer, Feiyan Liu, Kirsty Sands et al.
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a major contributor to neonatal mortality, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). WHO advocates ampicillin-gentamicin as first-line therapy for the management of neonatal sepsis. In the BARNARDS observational cohort study of neonatal sepsis and antimicr...
Claire Palles, Laura Chegwidden, Xinzhong Li, John M. Findlay et al.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Barrett's esophagus (BE) increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We found the risk to be BE has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21 (within the HLA region) and on 16q23, where the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1. Subse...
Peter Serina, Ian Riley, Andrea Stewart, Abraham D. Flaxman et al.
BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsy (VA) is recognized as the only feasible alternative to comprehensive medical certification of deaths in settings with no or unreliable vital registration systems. However, a barrier to its use by national registration systems has been the amount of time and cost needed for...
Molly K. Grace, H. Reşi̇t Akçakaya, Elizabeth L. Bennett, Thomas M. Brooks et al.
Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progres...
Meagan Harper, Hebah Mejbel, Dylan Longert, Robin Abell et al.
Abstract Freshwater biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. Freshwater conservationists and environmental managers have enough evidence to demonstrate that action must not be delayed but have insufficient evidence to identify those actions that will be most effective in reversing the cur...
Axel Hochkirch, Melanie Bilz, Catarina Ferreira, Anja Danielczak et al.
Biodiversity loss is a major global challenge and minimizing extinction rates is the goal of several multilateral environmental agreements. Policy decisions require comprehensive, spatially explicit information on species' distributions and threats. We present an analysis of the conservation status ...
S. E. Moore, Claire T. McEvoy, Lindsay Prior, Julia Lawton et al.
BACKGROUND: Strong evidence links the consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MD) with a reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, there is uncertainty as to whether non-Mediterranean regions will adopt this diet. The present qualitative research aimed to investigate attitudes towards a MD in...
Amina Khan, Rumana Huque, Sarwat Shah, Jagdish Kaur et al.
INTRODUCTION: Almost a fifth of the world's tobacco is consumed in smokeless form. Its consumption is particularly common in South Asia, where an increasing array of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products is widely available. Mindful of the growing public health threat from SLT, a group of international a...
Dian Kusuma, Rajendra Pradeepa, Khadija Irfan Khawaja, Mehedi Hasan et al.
BACKGROUND: South Asia has become a major epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding South Asians' awareness, attitudes and experiences of early measures for the prevention of COVID-19 is key to improving the effectiveness and mitigating the social and economic impacts of pandemic responses a...
Jan Hauspy, Mario Beiner, Ian Harley, Barry P. Rosen et al.
Purpose To review the role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in the outcome and recurrence patterns of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovary. Methods and materials The records of all patients with GCTs referred to the Princess Margaret Hospital University Health Network between 1961 and 2006 were re...
Refath Farzana, Lim Jones, Andrew H. Barratt, Muhammad Anisur Rahman et al.
There is a marked paucity in our understanding of the epidemiology of colistin-resistant bacterial pathogens in South Asia. A report by Davies and Walsh (Lancet Infect Dis 18:256–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30072-0 , 2018) suggests the export of colistin from China to India, Vietnam, ...
Sophie Witter, Ian Anderson, Peter Annear, Abiodun Awosusi et al.
BACKGROUND: All health systems struggle to meet health needs within constrained resources. This is especially true for low-income countries. It is critical that they can learn from wider contexts in order to improve their performance. This article examines policy transfer and evidence use linked to ...
Abraham D. Flaxman, Andrea Stewart, J. Joseph, Nurul Alam et al.
BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in using verbal autopsy to produce nationally representative population-level estimates of causes of death. However, the burden of processing a large quantity of surveys collected with paper and pencil has been a barrier to scaling up verbal autopsy surveilla...
Michelle Wille, Robyn Atkinson, Ian Barr, Charlotte Burgoyne et al.
The current high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 lineage 2.3.4.4b panzootic is having a profound impact on the poultry industry and wildlife [1, 2]. HPAI H5N1 emerged in poultry in 1996 and has caused outbreaks in wild bird populations episodically since 2005 [3], with the epidemiology of ...
Xavier Carbonell‐Estrany, Eric A. F. Simões, Louis Bont, Ángela Gentile et al.
Introduction: The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key need...
Denis W. Harkin, A A B Barros D'Sa, Magdi M.I. Yassin, Ian Young et al.
BACKGROUND: Complex limb trauma often involves combined arterial and venous injury, and the resultant ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) causes both local and remote organ injury. This study assessed the influence of the timing of restoration of venous drainage on IRI. METHODS: Male New Zealand whit...
Brian Willis, Ian Hodgson, Ronnie Lovich
Numerous studies have documented the health problems of sex workers; however, there has been limited research documenting the well-being of children of sex workers. Threats to the health and welfare of these children span their lives. Problems among infants may be more difficult to observe, but fiel...