James A Platts-Mills, Sudhir Bbji, Ldporn Bodhidtt, Jen Grtz et l.
BACKGROUND: Most studies of the causes of diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries have looked at severe disease in people presenting for care, and there are few estimates of pathogen-specific diarrhoea burdens in the community. METHODS: We undertook a birth cohort study with not only int...
Jie Liu, James A Platts-Mills, Jane Juma, Furqan Kabir et al.
Background Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, but establishing the cause can be complicated by diverse diagnostic approaches and varying test characteristics. We used quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to reassess causes of diarrhoea in the Globl Enteri...
Ibrahim A Khalil, Christopher Troeger, Brigette F. Blacker, Puja C Rao et al.
BACKGROUND: Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are bacterial pathogens that are frequently associated with diarrhoeal disease, and are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study 2016 (GBD 2016) is syst...
Ibrahim A Khalil, Christopher Troeger, Puja C Rao, Brigette F. Blacker et al.
BACKGROUND: The protozoan Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years. However, the true global burden of Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years might have been underestimated in previous quantifications because it only...
James A Platts-Mills, Jie Liu, Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Furqan Kabir et al.
BACKGROUND: Optimum management of childhood diarrhoea in low-resource settings has been hampered by insufficient data on aetiology, burden, and associated clinical characteristics. We used quantitative diagnostic methods to reassess and refine estimates of diarrhoea aetiology from the Etiology, Risk...
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Jie Liu, James A Platts-Mills, Furqan Kabir et al.
BACKGROUND: Enteropathogen infections in early childhood not only cause diarrhoea but contribute to poor growth. We used molecular diagnostics to assess whether particular enteropathogens were associated with linear growth across seven low-resource settings. METHODS: We used quantitative PCR to dete...
Jie Liu, Furqan Kabir, Jainaba Manneh, Paphavee Lertsethtakarn et al.
Background Childhood diarrhoea can be caused by many pathogens that are difficult to assay in the laboratory. Molecular diagnostic techniques provide a uniform method to detect and quantify candidate enteropathogens. We aimed to develop and assess molecular tests for identification of enteropthogen...
Margaret Kosek, Tahmeed Ahmed, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Laura E. Caulfield et al.
BACKGROUND: Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populati...
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, James A Platts-Mills, Jessica C. Seidman, Sushil John et al.
Antibiotics can be a lifesaving treatment for children with bacterial infections and are the most commonly prescribed therapy among all medications given to children. Furthermore, both at the individual and population levels, antibiotic overuse drives the development and transmission of antimicrobia...
Caroline Amour, Jean Gratz, Estomih Mduma, Erling Svensen et al.
BACKGROUND: Enteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life. METHODS: Children...
Jie Liu, Jean Gratz, Caroline Amour, Rosemary Nshama et al.
Detection and quantification of enteropathogens in stool specimens is useful for diagnosing the cause of diarrhea but is technically challenging. Here we evaluate several important determinants of quantification: specimen collection, nucleic acid extraction, and extraction and amplification efficien...
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Luther A. Bartelt, James A Platts-Mills, Jessica C. Seidman et al.
BACKGROUND.: Giardia are among the most common enteropathogens detected in children in low-resource settings. We describe here the epidemiology of infection with Giardia in the first 2 years of life in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Conseq...
Mami Taniuchi, Shihab U. Sobuz, Sharmin Begum, James A Platts-Mills et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea causes enormous morbidity and mortality in developing countries, yet the relative importance of multiple potential enteropathogens has been difficult to ascertain. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal cohort study from birth to 1 year of age in 147 infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh. ...
James A Platts-Mills, Jie Liu, Jean Gratz, Esto Mduma et al.
Campylobacter is a common bacterial enteropathogen that can be detected in stool by culture, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), or PCR. We compared culture for C. jejuni/C. coli, EIA (ProSpecT), and duplex PCR to distinguish Campylobacter jejuni/C. coli and non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter on 432 diarrheal and ...
Saba Rouhani, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Maribel Paredes Olórtegui, Mery Siguas Salas et al.
BACKGROUND: Norovirus is an important cause of childhood diarrhea. We present data from a longitudinal, multicountry study describing norovirus epidemiology during the first 2 years of life. METHODS: A birth cohort of 1457 children across 8 countries contributed 7077 diarrheal stools for norovirus t...