John D. Clemens, G. Balakrish Nair, Tahmeed Ahmed, Firdausi Qadri et al.
Cholera is an acute, watery diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae of the O1 or O139 serogroups. In the past two centuries, cholera has emerged and spread from the Ganges Delta six times and from Indonesia once to cause global pandemics. Rational approaches to the case management of cholera wi...
JohnD Clemens, Jeffrey R. Harris, M. R. Khan, BradfordA. Kay et al.
The protective efficacy of oral B subunit killed whole-cell (BS-WC) and killed whole-cell (WC) cholera vaccines was assessed in 63 498 Bangladeshi children aged 2-15 years and women aged over 15 years. Each received three doses of BS-WC, WC, or placebo in a randomised, double-blinded fashion. Survei...
Mohammad Ali, Michael Emch, Lorenz von Seidlein, Mohammad Yunus et al.
Background Decisions about the use of killed oral cholera vaccines, which confer moderate levels of direct protection to vaccinees, can depend on whether the vaccines also provide indirect (herd) protection when high levels of vaccine coverage are attained. We reanalysed data from a field trial in B...
Roger I. Glass, Jan Holmgren, Charles E. Haley, M. R. Khan et al.
At the Matlab Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, the authors examined the blood groups of patients hospitalized between January and September 1979 for diarrheal disease due to a variety of bacterial and viral agents. A significant association was identi...
Sujit Bhattacharya, Dipika Sur, Mohammad Ali, Suman Kanungo et al.
Background Efficacy and safety of a two-dose regimen of bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India) to 3 years is established, but long-term efficacy is not. We aimed to assess protective efficacy up to 5 years in a slum area of Kolkata, India. Methods In ...
G. Balakrish Nair, Firdausi Qadri, Jan Holmgren, Ann–Mari Svennerholm et al.
We determined the types of cholera toxin (CT) produced by a collection of 185 Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Bangladesh over the past 45 years. All of the El Tor strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated since 2001 produced CT of the classical biotype, while those isolated before 2001 produced CT o...
A.‐M. Svennerholm, Marianne Jertborn, I. e. Gothefors, Amr M. Karim et al.
Mucosal and systemic immune responses to a new oral cholera vaccine, consisting of the B subunit plus killed vibrios, were studied in Bangladeshi volunteers and compared with those to clinical cholera. A single peroral dose of vaccine induced a local IgA antitoxin response in intestinal-lavage fluid...
R. I. Glass, Ann‐Mari Svennerholm, M. R. Khan, S. Huda et al.
In rural Bangladesh, family contacts of patients with cholera were studied prospectively to examine whether protection against colonization and disease due to Vibrio cholerae O1 was associated with circulating antibodies to V. cholerae. Family contacts (1,071) of 370 patients with cholera were visit...
Marianne Jertborn, Ann‐Mari Svennerholm, Jan Holmgren
The possibility that antibody responses in serum, saliva, or breast milk samples to oral vaccines or enteric infections may reflect the intestinal immune response was evaluated in Bangladeshi volunteers orally immunized with a cholera B subunit-whole-cell vaccine (B + WCV) and in patients convalesci...
Robert E. Black, Myron M. Levine, M L Clements, Charles R. Young et al.
Natural protection from cholera is associated with local intestinal antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies, which appear to act synergistically. Although current parenteral cholera vaccines offer insufficient protection, new vaccines administered orally have more promise. Killed Vibrio cholerae, alo...
J. D. Clemens, Jeffrey R. Harris, David A. Sack, J. Chakraborty et al.
We assessed the protective efficacy (PE) of three doses of B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell-only (WC) oral cholera vaccines in a randomized, double-blind trial among 62,285 children and women residing in rural Bangladesh. After one complete year of surveillance, 110 cases of...
Anna Lundgren, Louis Bourgeois, Nils Carlin, John D. Clements et al.
BACKGROUND: We have developed a new oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in children in developing countries and in travelers. METHODS: The vaccine was tested for safety and immunogenicity alone and together with double-mu...
John D. Clemens, David A. Sack, Jeffrey R. Harris, J. Chakraborty et al.
Journal Article ABO Blood Groups and Cholera: New Observations on Specificity of Risk and Modification of Vaccine Efficacy Get access John D. Clemens, John D. Clemens Please address requests for reprints to Dr. John D. Clemens, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicin...
F.P.L. van Loon, John D. Clemens, J. Chakraborty, Malla Rao et al.
To determine the protective efficacy (PE) of three doses of oral B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) or killed whole cell-only (WC) vaccines against cholera, a clinical trial was conducted among 62285 children over 2 years and adult women in rural Bangladesh. During 5 years of follow-up, there were ...
John D. Clemens, Bonita Stanton, J. Chakraborty, David A. Sack et al.
We conducted a randomized trial among persons in rural Bangladesh to evaluate the side effects and immunogenicity of orally administered B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell-only (WC) cholera vaccines and a killed Escherichia coli strain K12 placebo proposed for field testing. T...