James A Platts-Mills, Sudhir Babji, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, Jean Gratz et al.
BACKGROUND: Most studies of the causes of diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries have looked at severe disease in people presenting for care, and there are few estimates of pathogen-specific diarrhoea burdens in the community. METHODS: We undertook a birth cohort study with not only int...
Jie Liu, James A Platts-Mills, Jane Juma, Furqan Kabir et al.
Background Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, but establishing the cause can be complicated by diverse diagnostic approaches and varying test characteristics. We used quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to reassess causes of diarrhoea in the Global Enteri...
Jie Liu, Jean Gratz, Caroline Amour, Gibson Kibiki et al.
The TaqMan Array Card (TAC) system is a 384-well singleplex real-time PCR format that has been used to detect multiple infection targets. Here we developed an enteric TaqMan Array Card to detect 19 enteropathogens, including viruses (adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus GII, rotavirus, and sapovirus), ...
James A Platts-Mills, Jie Liu, Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Furqan Kabir et al.
BACKGROUND: Optimum management of childhood diarrhoea in low-resource settings has been hampered by insufficient data on aetiology, burden, and associated clinical characteristics. We used quantitative diagnostic methods to reassess and refine estimates of diarrhoea aetiology from the Etiology, Risk...
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Jie Liu, James A Platts-Mills, Furqan Kabir et al.
BACKGROUND: Enteropathogen infections in early childhood not only cause diarrhoea but contribute to poor growth. We used molecular diagnostics to assess whether particular enteropathogens were associated with linear growth across seven low-resource settings. METHODS: We used quantitative PCR to dete...
Jie Liu, Furqan Kabir, Jainaba Manneh, Paphavee Lertsethtakarn et al.
Background Childhood diarrhoea can be caused by many pathogens that are difficult to assay in the laboratory. Molecular diagnostic techniques provide a uniform method to detect and quantify candidate enteropathogens. We aimed to develop and assess molecular tests for identification of enteropathogen...
Caroline Amour, Jean Gratz, Estomih Mduma, Erling Svensen et al.
BACKGROUND: Enteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life. METHODS: Children...
Jie Liu, Jean Gratz, Caroline Amour, Rosemary Nshama et al.
Detection and quantification of enteropathogens in stool specimens is useful for diagnosing the cause of diarrhea but is technically challenging. Here we evaluate several important determinants of quantification: specimen collection, nucleic acid extraction, and extraction and amplification efficien...
James A Platts-Mills, Jie Liu, Jean Gratz, Esto Mduma et al.
Campylobacter is a common bacterial enteropathogen that can be detected in stool by culture, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), or PCR. We compared culture for C. jejuni/C. coli, EIA (ProSpecT), and duplex PCR to distinguish Campylobacter jejuni/C. coli and non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter on 432 diarrheal and ...
Eric R. Houpt, Jean Gratz, Margaret Kosek, Anita K. M. Zaidi et al.
A central hypothesis of The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study is that enteropathogens contribute to growth faltering. To examine this question, the MAL-ED network of investigators set ou...
Jie Liu, Jean Gratz, Athanasia Maro, Happy Kumburu et al.
Diarrhea can be caused by a range of pathogens, including several bacteria. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, biochemical tests, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are laborious. We developed a 7-plex PCR-Luminex assay to simultaneously screen for several of the major dia...
Darwin J. Operario, Alexander F. Koeppel, Stephen Turner, Yongde Bao et al.
Amplicon-based Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is an emerging method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing (DST) but has not been well described. We examined 158 clinical multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates via NGS of 11 resistance-associated gene regions covering 3519...
Sayera Banu, S. M. Mazidur Rahman, Md. Siddiqur Rahman Khan, Sara Sabrina Ferdous et al.
Given the increases in drug-resistant tuberculosis, laboratory capacities for drug susceptibility testing are being scaled up worldwide. A laboratory must decide among several endorsed methodologies. We evaluated 87 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates for concordance of susceptibility results across...
Aldo Â. M. Lima, Alberto M. Soares, José Q.S. Filho, Alexandre Havt et al.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the impact of subclinical enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infection alone and in combination with other pathogens in the first 6 months of life on child growth. METHODS: Nondiarrheal samples from 1684 children across 8 Multisite Birth Cohort Study, Malnutrition and ...
Venkata Raghava Mohan, Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Sudhir Babji, Monica McGrath et al.
Background: In a multicountry birth cohort study, we describe rotavirus infection in the first 2 years of life in sites with and without rotavirus vaccination programs. Methods: Children were recruited by 17 days of age and followed to 24 months with collection of monthly surveillance and diarrheal ...