James A Platts-Mills, Sudhir Babji, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, Jean Gratz et al.
BACKGROUND: Most studies of the causes of diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries have looked at severe disease in people presenting for care, and there are few estimates of pathogen-specific diarrhoea burdens in the community. METHODS: We undertook a birth cohort study with not only int...
Margaret Kosek, Tahmeed Ahmed, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Laura E. Caulfield et al.
BACKGROUND: Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populati...
Andrew Mertens, Jade Benjamin‐Chung, John M. Colford, Jeremy Coyle et al.
. Interventions such as nutritional supplementation during pregnancy and the postnatal period could help prevent growth faltering, but programmatic action has been insufficient to eliminate the high burden of stunting and wasting in low- and middle-income countries. Identification of age windows and...
Jade Benjamin‐Chung, Andrew Mertens, John M. Colford, Alan Hubbard et al.
. Stunting, a form of linear growth faltering, increases the risk of illness, impaired cognitive development and mortality. Global stunting estimates rely on cross-sectional surveys, which cannot provide direct information about the timing of onset or persistence of growth faltering-a key considerat...
Saba Rouhani, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Maribel Paredes Olórtegui, Mery Siguas Salas et al.
BACKGROUND: Norovirus is an important cause of childhood diarrhea. We present data from a longitudinal, multicountry study describing norovirus epidemiology during the first 2 years of life. METHODS: A birth cohort of 1457 children across 8 countries contributed 7077 diarrheal stools for norovirus t...
Andrew Mertens, Jade Benjamin‐Chung, John M. Colford, Alan Hubbard et al.
. Prevailing methods to measure wasting rely on cross-sectional surveys that cannot measure onset, recovery and persistence-key features that inform preventive interventions and estimates of disease burden. Here we analyse 21 longitudinal cohorts and show that wasting is a highly dynamic process of ...
Crystal L. Patil, Ali Turab, Ramya Ambikapathi, Cebisa Noxolo Nesamvuni et al.
We report the infant feeding experiences in the first month of life for 2,053 infants participating in "Malnutrition and Enteric Infections: Consequences for Child Health and Development" (MAL-ED). Eight sites (in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Brazil, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania), each follow...
Benjamin McCormick, Gwenyth O. Lee, Jessica C. Seidman, Rashidul Haque et al.
Growth and development shortfalls that are disproportionately prevalent in children living in poor environmental conditions are postulated to result, at least in part, from abnormal gut function. Using data from The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and ...
Gwenyth Lee, Maribel Paredes Olórtegui, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Robert E. Black et al.
BACKGROUND: Studies examining the etiology-specific effects of diarrheal disease on growth are limited and variable in their analytic methods, making comparisons difficult and priority setting based on these findings challenging. A study by Black et al (Black RE, Brown KH, Becker S. Effects of diarr...
Maribel Paredes Olórtegui, Saba Rouhani, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Mery Siguas Salas et al.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Astroviruses are important drivers of viral gastroenteritis but remain understudied in community settings and low- and middle-income countries. We present data from 8 countries with high prevalence of diarrhea and undernutrition to describe astrovirus epidemiology and asse...
Kristine M. Peterson, Janice E. Buss, Rebecca Easley, Zhengyu Yang et al.
Background Undernutrition remains a significant problem worldwide, with environmental enteropathy implicated as a contributing factor. An understanding of the pathogenesis and identification of children at risk are critical to the design of more-effective interventions. Objective The stool regenerat...
Josh M. Colston, Ruthly François, Nora Pisanic, Pablo Peñataro Yori et al.
BACKGROUND: Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) such as fucosyltransferase (FUT)2 and 3 may act as innate host factors that differentially influence susceptibility of individuals and their offspring to pediatric enteric infections. METHODS: In 3 community-based birth cohorts, FUT2 and FUT3 statuses w...
Josh M. Colston, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Hamada S. Badr, Eleanor Burnett et al.
Abstract Diarrheal disease, still a major cause of childhood illness, is caused by numerous, diverse infectious microorganisms, which are differentially sensitive to environmental conditions. Enteropathogen‐specific impacts of climate remain underexplored. Results from 15 studies that diagnosed ente...
Margaret Kosek, Gwenyth O. Lee, Richard L. Guerrant, Rashidul Haque et al.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe changes in intestinal permeability in early childhood in diverse epidemiologic settings. METHODS: In a birth cohort study, the lactulose:mannitol (L:M) test was administered to 1980 children at 4 time points in the first 24 months of life in 8 countri...
Christel Hoest, Jessica C. Seidman, Gwenyth Lee, James A Platts-Mills et al.
BACKGROUND: Launched in 1974, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is estimated to prevent two-three million deaths annually from polio, diphtheria, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles, and tetanus. Additional lives could be saved through better understanding what influences adherence to the EPI ...