Anand Joshi, J P Narain, C Prasittisuk, Rajesh Bhatia et al.
Data on the burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Indian sub-continent are vital for elimination programme planners for estimating resource requirements, effective implementation and monitoring of elimination programme. In Indian sub-continent, about 200 million population is at risk of VL. Nearl...
Siddhivinayak Hirve, Axel Kroeger, Greg Matlashewski, Dinesh Mondal et al.
BACKGROUND: The decade following the Regional Strategic Framework for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) elimination in 2005 has shown compelling progress in the reduction of VL burden in the Indian subcontinent. The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), hosted by the Worl...
Rajib Chowdhury, M. Mamun Huda, Vijay Kumar, Pradeep Das et al.
Although, when applied under controlled conditions in India and Nepal, indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been found to reduce sandfly densities significantly, it is not known if IRS will be as effective when applied generally in these countries, via the national programmes for the elimination of vi...
Piero Olliaro, Tushar A. K. M. Shamsuzzaman, Baburam Marasini, A C Dhariwal et al.
Nazir, A; Mondal, D; Banjara, MR; Das, P; Sundar, S; Rijal, S; Arana, B; Alvar, J; Argaw, D; Peeling, RW; Kroeger, A; Matlashewski, G (2017) Investments in Research and Surveillance Are Needed to Go Beyond Elimination and Stop Transmission of Leishmania in the Indian Subcontinent. PLoS neglected tro...
Shri Prakash Singh, Siddhivinayak Hirve, M. Mamun Huda, Megha Raj Banjara et al.
BACKGROUND: The VL elimination strategy requires cost-effective tools for case detection and management. This intervention study tests the yield, feasibility and cost of 4 different active case detection (ACD) strategies (camp, index case, incentive and blanket approach) in VL endemic districts of I...
M. Mamun Huda, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Niyamat Ali Siddiqui, Paritosh Malaviya et al.
BACKGROUND: Active case detection (ACD) significantly contributes to early detection and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases and is cost effective. This paper evaluates the performance and feasibility of adapting ACD strategies into national ...
Siddhivinayak Hirve, Shri Prakash Singh, Narendra Kumar, Megha Raj Banjara et al.
This study analyzed the effectiveness of active case detection (ACD) for new visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. ACD detection was carried out using house to house screening in Bangladesh and India and by neighborhood screening around index cases in Nepal. The percent increase of new VL cases through...
Greg Matlashewski, Byron Arana, Axel Kroeger, Ahmed Be-Nazir et al.
Now is a good time to reconsider research priorities as 2015 approaches, the target date originally set for elimination of visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most deadly parasitic diseases and disproportionately affects the poorest and most vulnerable populations. An estima...
M. Mamun Huda, Dinesh Mondal, Vijay Kumar, Pradeep Das et al.
Background. We field tested and validated a newly developed monitoring and evaluation (M&E) toolkit for indoor residual spraying to be used by the supervisors at different levels of the national kala-azar elimination programs in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. Methods. Methods included document analysi...
Murari Lal Das, Megha Raj Banjara, Rajib Chowdhury, Vijay Kumar et al.
The sandflies that transmit the parasites causing human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can be controlled by several methods, including indoor residual spraying (IRS), the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and ecological vector management (EVM). The financial costs of each of these three meth...
Megha Raj Banjara, Axel Kroeger, M. Mamun Huda, Vijay Kumar et al.
BACKGROUND: We assessed the feasibility and results of active case detection (ACD) of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and other febrile diseases as well as of bednet impregnation for vector control. METHODS: Fever camps were organized and analyzed in twelve VL...
Megha Raj Banjara, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Niyamat Ali Siddiqui, Narendra Kumar et al.
Background. National VL Elimination Programs in India, Nepal and Bangladesh face challenges as home-based Miltefosine treatment is introduced. Objectives. To study constraints of VL management in endemic districts within context of national elimination programs before and after intervention. Methods...
Megha Raj Banjara, Anand Joshi
Visceral leishmaniasis is an important public health problem in Nepal. In 2005, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal signed a memorandum of understanding to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis in this region by 2015. As the elimination target was not reached in 2015, the date has been extended to 2020. The vis...
Eva Naznin, Axel Kroeger, Nasir A. Siddiqui, Shyam Sundar et al.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether medical staff at PHC level would have the time to take up additional activities such as 1-day fever camps for active VL case detection. METHODS: This article assessed the workload of health staff of different professional categories working at health facilities in Ba...
Debashis Ghosh, Soumik Kha Sagar, Md Rasel Uddin, Md. Utba Rashid et al.
OBJECTIVES: As post kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) threatens the success of the Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) elimination initiative, we aimed to investigate the PKDL burden, including an active search for PKDL in leprosy-negative skin lesion cases. We also investigated their health-seeking beh...
Anand Joshi, Megha Raj Banjara, Sachi Chuke, Axel Kroeger et al.
Nepal, Bangladesh, and India signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2005 to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as a public health problem from the Indian subcontinent by 2015. By 2021, the number of reported VL cases in these countries had declined by over 95% compared to 2007. This dramat...
Shomik Maruf, Soumik Kha Sagar, Md. Utba Rashid, Md Rasel Uddin et al.
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has largely impacted the management of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), like several other Neglected Tropical Diseases. The impact was particularly evident in Lower and Middle-Income countries where the already inadequate healthcare resources were diverted to managing the COVID-19 p...
Faria Hossain, Ashik Sharfaraz, Prakash Ghosh, Golam Sarwar et al.
BACKGROUND: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection has emerged as a significant challenge in implementing the World Health Organization's (WHO's) strategic interventions to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in co-endemic countries. VL-HIV co-infection results in rapid deterioration, hig...
Anjana Rai, Edwin Sutanto, Prakash Ghimire, Sonam Wangchuk et al.
BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax is the predominant cause of malaria in South Asia. P. vivax cases have fallen over the past decade, but cross-border transmission remains a major challenge to elimination. Genetic data can generate valuable insights into transmission; however, until now, only low-resolut...
Prakash Ghimire, Gokarna Dahal, Nabaraj Adhikari, Komal Raj Rijal et al.
BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax remains a challenge for malaria elimination in Nepal due to its ability to relapse. Radical cure with primaquine is effective but limited by poor adherence to the standard 14-day low-dose regimen. In 2022, the WHO recommended administering the same total dose (3.5 mg/kg)...