Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Ashkan Afshin, Lily Alexander, H Ross Anderson et al.
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debat...
Salim Yusuf, Philip Joseph, Sumathy Rangarajan, Shofiqul Islam et al.
Background: Global estimates of the impact of common modifiable risk factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality are largely based on data from separate studies, using different methodologies. The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study overcomes these limitations by using simila...
Perry Hystad, Andrew Larkin, Sumathy Rangarajan, Khalid F. AlHabib et al.
BackgroundMost studies of long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and cardiovascular disease are from high-income countries with relatively low PM2·5 concentrations. It is unclear whether risks are similar in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and how outdoor PM2·5 ...
Graydon Snider, Crystal Weagle, Kalaivani K. Murdymootoo, Amanda Ring et al.
Abstract. The Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) is a long-term project that includes characterization of chemical and physical attributes of aerosols from filter samples collected worldwide. This paper discusses the ongoing efforts of SPARTAN to define and quantify major ions and trace me...
Perry Hystad, MyLinh Duong, Michael Bräuer, Andrew Larkin et al.
BACKGROUND: Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use for cooking affects 2.5 billion individuals globally and may contribute substantially to disease burden. However, few prospective studies have assessed the impact of HAP on mortality and cardiorespiratory disease. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was...
Matthew Shupler, Perry Hystad, Aaron Birch, Daniel Miller-Lionberg et al.
BackgroundApproximately 2·8 billion people are exposed to household air pollution from cooking with polluting fuels. Few monitoring studies have systematically measured health-damaging air pollutant (ie, fine particulate matter [PM2·5] and black carbon) concentrations from a wide range of cooking fu...
Crystal Weagle, Graydon Snider, Chi Li, Aaron van Donkelaar et al.
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a leading risk factor for the global burden of disease. However, uncertainty remains about PM2.5 sources. We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulation for 2014, constrained by satellite-based estimates of PM2.5 to interpret gl...
Graydon Snider, Crystal Weagle, Randall V. Martin, Aaron van Donkelaar et al.
Abstract. Ground-based observations have insufficient spatial coverage to assess long-term human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the global scale. Satellite remote sensing offers a promising approach to provide information on both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 at local-to-glo...
Raphael E. Arku, Michael Bräuer, Suad Hashim Ahmed, Khalid F. AlHabib et al.
Exposure to air pollution has been linked to elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, but most research has focused on short-term (hours, days, or months) exposures at relatively low concentrations. We examined the associations between long-term (3-year average) concentrations of outdoor PM2.5...
Deepangsu Chatterjee, Erin E. McDuffie, Steven J. Smith, Liam Bindle et al.
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is a leading mortality risk factor in India and the surrounding region of South Asia. This study evaluates the contribution of emission sectors and fuels to PM2.5 mass for 29 states in India and 6 surrounding countries (Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sr...
Bhargav Krishna, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Aziza Siddiqui, Bilkis A. Begum et al.
Krishna and colleagues call for health driven, multisectoral policy making with defined air quality targets to curb the impact of air pollution exposure in South Asia Key messages Air pollution is a major risk factor for ill health in South Asia The interconnected nature of the South Asian airshed n...
Matthew Shupler, Perry Hystad, Paul Gustafson, Sumathy Rangarajan et al.
INTRODUCTION: Switching from polluting (e.g. wood, crop waste, coal) to clean cooking fuels (e.g. gas, electricity) can reduce household air pollution (HAP) exposures and climate-forcing emissions. While studies have evaluated specific interventions and assessed fuel-switching in repeated cross-sect...
Jacob McNeill, Graydon Snider, Crystal Weagle, Brenna Walsh et al.
Abstract Globally consistent measurements of airborne metal concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) are important for understanding potential health impacts, prioritizing air pollution mitigation strategies, and enabling global chemical transport model development. PM 2.5 filter samples ...
Matthew Shupler, Perry Hystad, Aaron Birch, Yen Li Chu et al.
Use of polluting cooking fuels generates household air pollution (HAP) containing health-damaging levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Many global epidemiological studies rely on categorical HAP exposure indicators, which are poor surrogates of measured PM2.5 levels. To quantitatively characte...
Ying Wang, MyLinh Duong, Michael Bräuer, Sumathy Rangarajan et al.
Background: Globally, household air pollution (HAP) is a major environmental hazard that affects respiratory health. However, few studies have examined associations between HAP and lung function decline and respiratory disease and mortality. Methods: We used data from the Prospective Urban and Rural...
Xuan Liu, Jay R. Turner, Christopher R. Oxford, Jacob McNeill et al.
Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental co...
Ying Wang, Matthew Shupler, Aaron Birch, Yen Li Chu et al.
Black Carbon (BC) is an important component of household air pollution (HAP) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but levels and drivers of exposure are poorly understood. As part of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study, we analyzed 48-hour BC measurements for 1187 in...
Ying Wang, Matthew Shupler, Aaron Birch, Yen Li Chu et al.
BACKGROUND Household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels has been associated with adverse respiratory effects, but most studies use surveys of fuel use to define HAP exposure, rather than on actual air pollution exposure measurements. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between household...
Graydon Snider, Crystal Weagle, Randall V. Martin, Aaron van Donkelaar et al.
Abstract. Ground-based observations have insufficient spatial coverage to assess long-term human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the global scale. Satellite remote sensing offers a promising approach to provide information on both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 at local-to-glo...
Yuxuan Ren, Christopher R. Oxford, Dandan Zhang, Xuan Liu et al.
Characterizing black carbon (BC) on a fine scale globally is essential for understanding its climate and health impacts. However, sparse BC mass measurements in different parts of the world and coarse model resolution have inhibited evaluation of global BC emission inventories. Here, we apply global...