Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Mark C. Steinhoff, Saad B. Omer, Monica McNeal et al.
BACKGROUND: Antenatal immunization of mothers with influenza vaccine increases serum antibodies and reduces the rates of influenza illness in mothers and their infants. We report the effect of antenatal immunization on the levels of specific anti-influenza IgA levels in human breast milk. (ClinicalT...
Robyn L. Ward, Osamu Nakagomi, D R Knowlton, Monica McNeal et al.
Of 335 rotavirus isolates associated with diarrheal disease in Bangladesh that were culture adapted and subsequently characterized for electropherotype, subgroup, and serotype, 9 had properties that suggested they may be natural reassortants between human rotaviruses belonging to different "genogrou...
John D. Clemens, Robyn L. Ward, Malla Rao, David A. Sack et al.
A case-control study was conducted among children and adult women in rural Bangladesh to evaluate whether serologic immunity to rotavirus was associated with a lower risk of rotavirus diarrhea of sufficient severity to cause patients to seek medical care. Acute-phase sera from 219 cases of rotavirus...
Robyn L. Ward, Monica McNeal, John D. Clemens, David A. Sack et al.
Rotaviruses collected in Bangladesh during 1985 to 1986 were culture adapted and used in a comparative serotyping study with three groups of monoclonal antibodies, all of which reacted with the major neutralization protein (VP7) of serotype 1, 2, 3, or 4. The goals were to determine which monoclonal...
Khalequ Zaman, Jessica A. Fleming, John C. Victor, Mohammad Yunus et al.
BACKGROUND: The burden of rotavirus morbidity and mortality is high in children aged <5 years in developing countries, and evaluations indicate waning protection from rotavirus immunization in the second year. An additional dose of rotavirus vaccine may enhance the immune response and lengthen the p...
Benjamin Lee, Marya P. Carmolli, Dorothy M. Dickson, E. Ross Colgate et al.
Background: Rotavirus (RV)-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses following oral RV vaccination are impaired in low-income countries, where the utility of RV-IgA as a correlate of protection (CoP) remains unclear. In a monovalent oral RV vaccine (Rotarix) efficacy trial among infants in Dhaka, Ba...
Robyn L. Ward, John D. Clemens, David A. Sack, D R Knowlton et al.
Group A rotaviruses collected between 1985 and 1986 during comprehensive surveillance of treated diarrheal episodes occurring in a rural Bangladesh population were culture adapted and characterized by electropherotype, serotype, and subgroup. Of 454 episodes of rotavirus-associated diarrhea, rotavir...
Emily Henkle, Mark C. Steinhoff, Saad B. Omer, Eliza Roy et al.
We evaluated infant sera from an immunization trial in Bangladesh to assess influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer increases in 131 unimmunized infants from birth to 6 months. We detected 31 serologically defined infections. Combined with 10 additional rapid test-proven influenza cases...
Benjamin Lee, Dorothy M. Dickson, Masud Alam, Sajia Afreen et al.
Background: Oral, live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines suffer from impaired immunogenicity and efficacy in low-income countries. Increasing the inoculum of vaccine might improve vaccine response, but this approach has been inadequately explored in low-income countries. Methods: We performed a double-b...
Bianca F. Middleton, Margie Danchin, Mark Jones, Amanda Leach et al.
Background The oral rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline), is licensed for use in infants as two doses in the first six months of life. For infants living in settings with high child-mortality, and also for rural and remote Australian Aboriginal infants, clinical protection conferred by two d...