Elizabeth A. Ashley, Mehul Dhorda, Rick M. Fairhurst, Chanaki Amaratunga et al.
BACKGROUND: Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has emerged in Southeast Asia and now poses a threat to the control and elimination of malaria. Mapping the geographic extent of resistance is essential for planning containment and elimination strategies. METHODS: Between May 2011 and Apri...
Olivo Miotto, Roberto Amato, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Bronwyn MacInnis et al.
We report a large multicenter genome-wide association study of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin, the frontline antimalarial drug. Across 15 locations in Southeast Asia, we identified at least 20 mutations in kelch13 (PF3D7_1343700) affecting the encoded propeller and BTB/POZ domains, ...
Shannon Takala‐Harrison, Christopher G. Jacob, Cesar Arze, Michael P. Cummings et al.
BACKGROUND: The emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia threatens malaria treatment efficacy. Mutations in a kelch protein encoded on P. falciparum chromosome 13 (K13) have been associated with resistance in vitro and in field samples from Cambodia. METHODS: P. fal...
Rob W. van der Pluijm, Rupam Tripura, Richard M. Hoglund, Aung Pyae Phyo et al.
BACKGROUND: Artemisinin and partner-drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum are major threats to malaria control and elimination. Triple artemisinin-based combination therapies (TACTs), which combine existing co-formulated ACTs with a second partner drug that is slowly eliminated, might provide eff...
Shannon Takala‐Harrison, Taane G. Clark, Christopher G. Jacob, Michael P. Cummings et al.
The recent emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in western Cambodia could threaten prospects for malaria elimination. Identification of the genetic basis of resistance would provide tools for molecular surveillance, aiding efforts to contain resistance. Clinical trials of...
Christopher G. Jacob, Thuy-Nhien Nguyen, Mayfong Mayxay, Richard J. Maude et al.
Background: National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integ...
Robert J. Commons, J. A. Simpson, Kamala Thriemer, Georgina Humphreys et al.
BACKGROUND: Chloroquine remains the mainstay of treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria despite increasing reports of treatment failure. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of chloroquine dose and the addition of primaquine on the risk of recurrent vivax malaria acr...
Amol C. Shetty, Christopher G. Jacob, Fang Huang, Yao Li et al.
Estimates of Plasmodium falciparum migration may inform strategies for malaria elimination. Here we elucidate fine-scale parasite population structure and infer recent migration across Southeast Asia using identity-by-descent (IBD) approaches based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms call...
Lei Zhu, Jaishree Tripathi, Frances Rocamora, Olivo Miotto et al.
The predisposition of parasites acquiring artemisinin resistance still remains unclear beyond the mutations in Pfk13 gene and modulation of the unfolded protein response pathway. To explore the chain of casualty underlying artemisinin resistance, we reanalyze 773 P. falciparum isolates from TRACI-st...
Lei Zhu, Rob W. van der Pluijm, Michal Kucharski, Sourav Nayak et al.
The emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, first in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), and now in East Africa, is a major threat to global malaria elimination ambitions. To investigate the artemisinin resistance mechanism, transcriptome analysis was conducted of 577 P....
Mohammad Hossain, Robert J. Commons, Nicola Davies, Kamala Thriemer et al.
BACKGROUND: There is a high risk of Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia following treatment of falciparum malaria. Our study aimed to quantify this risk and the associated determinants using an individual patient data meta-analysis in order to identify populations in which a policy of universal radical cu...
Robert J. Commons, J. A. Simpson, Kamala Thriemer, Cindy S. Chu et al.
BACKGROUND: Malaria causes a reduction in haemoglobin that is compounded by primaquine, particularly in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions to red cell loss of malaria and primaquine in patients with unc...
MalariaGEN, Ishag Adam, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Sisay Getachew Alemu et al.
<ns3:p> This report describes the MalariaGEN Pv4 dataset, a new release of curated genome variation data on 1,895 samples of <ns3:italic>Plasmodium vivax</ns3:italic> collected at 88 worldwide locations between 2001 and 2017. It includes 1,370 new samples contributed by MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN partn...
Arjun Chandna, Rusheng Chew, Nan Shwe Nwe Htun, Thomas J. Peto et al.
<ns3:p>In rural areas of South and Southeast Asia malaria is declining but febrile illnesses still account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Village health workers (VHWs) are often the first point of contact with the formal health system, and for patients with febrile illnesses they can provi...
Christopher G. Jacob, Thuy-Nhien Nguyen, Mayfong Mayxay, Richard J. Maude et al.
ABSTRACT National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integrat...
Pyae Phyo Aung, Graeme M. Buchanan, Philip D. Round, Christoph Zöckler et al.
Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Calidris pygmaea) is Critically Endangered, declining 9% per year since 2009; although important wintering sites have been identified, little is known about why particular sites are selected. The Gulf of Mottama, Myanmar, supports perhaps 60% of the global population in winte...
Katherine O’Flaherty, Jo-Anne Chan, Julia C. Cutts, Sophie Zaloumis et al.
Introduction Understanding the human immune response to Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and its association with gametocytemia is essential for understanding the transmission of malaria as well as progressing transmission blocking vaccine candidates. Methods In a multi-national clinical efficacy t...
Nan Shwe Nwe Htun, Carlo Perrone, Aung Pyae Phyo, Aninda Sen et al.
INTRODUCTION: Causes of deaths often go unrecorded in lower income countries, yet this information is critical. Verbal autopsy is a questionnaire interview with a family member or caregiver to elicit the symptoms and circumstances preceding a death and assign a probable cause. The social and cultura...
Christopher G. Jacob, Thuy-Nhien Nguyen, Mayfong Mayxay, Richard J. Maude et al.
Julia C. Cutts, Katherine O’Flaherty, Sophie Zaloumis, Elizabeth A. Ashley et al.
BACKGROUND: Understanding the effect of immunity on Plasmodium falciparum clearance is essential for interpreting therapeutic efficacy studies designed to monitor emergence of artemisinin drug resistance. In low-transmission areas of Southeast Asia, where resistance has emerged, P. falciparum antibo...