Florent Mertens, M. Mevius, L. V. E. Koopmans, A. R. Offringa et al.
ABSTRACT A new upper limit on the 21 cm signal power spectrum at a redshift of z ≈ 9.1 is presented, based on 141 h of data obtained with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). The analysis includes significant improvements in spectrally smooth gain-calibration, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) foregroun...
Raghunath Ghara, Sambit K. Giri, Garrelt Mellema, B. Ciardi et al.
ABSTRACT We derive constraints on the thermal and ionization states of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at redshift ≈ 9.1 using new upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum measured by the LOFAR radio telescope and a prior on the ionized fraction at that redshift estimated from recent cosmic microwave...