Christopher Troeger, Ibrahim A. Khalil, Puja C Rao, Shujin Cao et al.
Importance: Rotavirus infection is the global leading cause of diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years. Objectives: To examine the extent of rotavirus infection among children younger than 5 years by country and the number of deaths averted because of the rota...
Ibrahim A Khalil, Christopher Troeger, Brigette F. Blacker, Puja C Rao et al.
BACKGROUND: Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are bacterial pathogens that are frequently associated with diarrhoeal disease, and are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study 2016 (GBD 2016) is a syst...
Ibrahim A Khalil, Christopher Troeger, Puja C Rao, Brigette F. Blacker et al.
BACKGROUND: The protozoan Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years. However, the true global burden of Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years might have been underestimated in previous quantifications because it only...
GBD 2017 Child and Adolescent Health Collaborators, Robert C. Reiner, Helen Elizabeth Olsen, Chad Ikeda et al.
Importance: Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies. Objective: To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 ...
Spencer L James, Lydia R Lucchesi, Catherine Bisignano, Chris D Castle et al.
BACKGROUND: The global burden of road injuries is known to follow complex geographical, temporal and demographic patterns. While health loss from road injuries is a major topic of global importance, there has been no recent comprehensive assessment that includes estimates for every age group, sex an...
GBD 2019 Snakebite Envenomation Collaborators, Nicholas L S Roberts, Emily K. Johnson, Scott Zeng et al.
Snakebite envenoming is an important cause of preventable death. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to halve snakebite mortality by 2030. We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, an...
Robert C. Reiner, Aaron A. King, Michael Emch, Mohammad Yunus et al.
The population dynamics of endemic cholera in urban environments--in particular interannual variation in the size and distribution of seasonal outbreaks--remain poorly understood and highly unpredictable. In part, this situation is due to the considerable demographic, socioeconomic, and environmenta...
Robert C. Reiner, LBD Triple Burden Collaborators, Catherine A. Welgan, Christopher Troeger et al.
Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these ...
Pamela P. Martinez, Robert C. Reiner, Benjamin A. Cash, Xavier Rodó et al.
A substantial body of work supports a teleconnection between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and cholera incidence in Bangladesh. In particular, high positive anomalies during the winter (Dec-Feb) in sea surface temperatures (SST) in the tropical Pacific have been shown to exacerbate the sea...
Adrien Allorant, Samanta Biswas, Shahriar Ahmed, Kirsten E. Wiens et al.
BACKGROUND: TB was the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen globally between 2014 and 2019. Fine-scale estimates of TB prevalence and case notifications can be combined to guide priority-setting for strengthening routine surveillance activities in high-burden countries. We produc...
Nicholas L S Roberts, Emily K. Johnson, Scott Zeng, Erin B Hamilton et al.
Venomous snakebite is an important cause of preventable death. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to halve snakebite mortality by 2030. We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, and ...
Mercedes Pascual, Benjamin A. Cash, Robert C. Reiner, Aaron A. King et al.
David Seddon, Andrew Shepherd, Jay O'Brien, Matthew Lockwood et al.
Abstract State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan. Edited by Fred Halliday and Hamza Alavi. London: Macmillan, 1988. Pp. ix + 267. £25 and £7.95. ISBN 0 333 38307 9 and 38308 7. Sudan: State, Capital and Transformation. Edited by Tony Barnett and Abbass Abdelkarim. London: Croom Helm, 1988...