Ting Shi, David McAllister, Katherine L. O’Brien, Eric A. F. Simões et al.
BACKGROUND: We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on...
Xin Wang, You Li, Katherine L. O’Brien, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this s...
Xin Wang, You Li, Maria Deloria Knoll, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Human metapneumovirus is a common virus associated with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children. No global burden estimates are available for ALRIs associated with human metapneumovirus in children, and no licensed vaccines or drugs exist for human metapneumovirus infectio...
Paul Kowal, Kathleen Kahn, Nawi Ng, Nirmala Naidoo et al.
BACKGROUND: Globally, ageing impacts all countries, with a majority of older persons residing in lower- and middle-income countries now and into the future. An understanding of the health and well-being of these ageing populations is important for policy and planning; however, research on ageing and...
Dinesh Mondal, Shri Prakash Singh, Narendra Kumar, Anand Joshi et al.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate visceral leishmaniasis (VL) burden in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal and document care-seeking behaviour for VL to provide baseline information for monitoring the VL elimination program and identify options for improved case finding and management. DESIGN: A cross-sect...
Siddhivinayak Hirve, Marleen Boelaert, Greg Matlashewski, Dinesh Mondal et al.
BACKGROUND: As Bangladesh, India and Nepal progress towards visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination, it is important to understand the role of asymptomatic Leishmania infection (ALI), VL treatment relapse and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in transmission. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDING:...
Siddhivinayak Hirve, Axel Kroeger, Greg Matlashewski, Dinesh Mondal et al.
BACKGROUND: The decade following the Regional Strategic Framework for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) elimination in 2005 has shown compelling progress in the reduction of VL burden in the Indian subcontinent. The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), hosted by the Worl...
Nawi Ng, Paul Kowal, Kathleen Kahn, Nirmala Naidoo et al.
BACKGROUND: Declining rates of fertility and mortality are driving demographic transition in all regions of the world, leading to global population ageing and consequently changing patterns of global morbidity and mortality. Understanding sex-related health differences, recognising groups at risk of...
F. Xavier Gómez‐Olivé, Julia Schröders, Isabella Aboderin, Peter Byass et al.
BACKGROUND: Disability and quality of life are key outcomes for older people. Little is known about how these measures vary with age and gender across lower income and middle-income countries; such information is necessary to tailor health and social care policy to promote healthy ageing and minimis...
Shri Prakash Singh, Siddhivinayak Hirve, M. Mamun Huda, Megha Raj Banjara et al.
BACKGROUND: The VL elimination strategy requires cost-effective tools for case detection and management. This intervention study tests the yield, feasibility and cost of 4 different active case detection (ACD) strategies (camp, index case, incentive and blanket approach) in VL endemic districts of I...
M. Mamun Huda, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Niyamat Ali Siddiqui, Paritosh Malaviya et al.
BACKGROUND: Active case detection (ACD) significantly contributes to early detection and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases and is cost effective. This paper evaluates the performance and feasibility of adapting ACD strategies into national ...
Siddhivinayak Hirve, Shri Prakash Singh, Narendra Kumar, Megha Raj Banjara et al.
This study analyzed the effectiveness of active case detection (ACD) for new visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. ACD detection was carried out using house to house screening in Bangladesh and India and by neighborhood screening around index cases in Nepal. The percent increase of new VL cases through...
Shubhada Hooli, Carina King, Eric D. McCollum, Tim Colbourn et al.
OBJECTIVES: We determined the pulse oximetry benefit in pediatric pneumonia mortality risk stratification and chest-indrawing pneumonia in-hospital mortality risk factors. METHODS: We report the characteristics and in-hospital pneumonia-related mortality of children aged 2-59 months who were include...
Megha Raj Banjara, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Niyamat Ali Siddiqui, Narendra Kumar et al.
Background. National VL Elimination Programs in India, Nepal and Bangladesh face challenges as home-based Miltefosine treatment is introduced. Objectives. To study constraints of VL management in endemic districts within context of national elimination programs before and after intervention. Methods...
H Martı́n, Jennifer Falconer, Emmanuel Addo‐Yobo, Satinder Aneja et al.
Background: The existing World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia case management guidelines rely on clinical symptoms and signs for identifying, classifying, and treating pneumonia in children up to 5 years old. We aimed to collate an individual patient-level data set from large, high-quality pre-...
Narendra Kumar, Shri Prakash Singh, Dinesh Mondal, Anand Joshi et al.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Three countries, Bangladesh, India and Nepal, set out to eliminate kala-azar by 2015. This study was aimed to document the knowledge and practices in kala-azar case management of public and private health providers in these three countries. METHODS: A health care provider su...