Probiotic supplementations improve growth, water quality, hematology, gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia

A 75-day long experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementations on rearing water quality, hematology, intestinal morphology, and gut bacterial load of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fifteen ponds were used for 5 treatments with 3 replications, and 400 fingerlings per pond were fed with pre-starter feed twice a day at 5–8% of body weight. First treatment (T1) was supplemented with the soil probiotic Super PS/ week, T2 was designed to add gut probiotic Zymetin with feed, T3 contained half of the recommended doses of soil, gut, and water probiotics pH FIXER, T4 was planned to supplement with pH FIXER/ week, and no probiotic was used in T5 (control). Growth parameters (net weight gain, weight gain (%) and…