Synergistic supramolecular conductive dressing integrating electrical stimulation and polyoxometalate antioxidants for enhanced chronic wound healing

Chronic wounds, exacerbated by bacterial infections and oxidative stress, remain a formidable challenge in clinical wound management. Here, we introduce a multifunctional conductive dressing composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), a citric acid-β-cyclodextrin supramolecular system, and cyclodextrin-polyoxometalates (CD-POM). This dressing integrates electrical stimulation (ES), antioxidative capacity, anti-inflammatory effects, and antibacterial efficacy to promote tissue regeneration. Its good mechanical robustness, strong adhesion, and optimized electrical conductivity arise from synergistic interactions among PVA, PEDOT: PSS, and the supramolecular system. Moreover, the addition of CD-POM enables efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative damage and creating a favorable healing microenvironment. ES further enhances fibroblast proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, while simultaneously disrupting bacterial biofilms and boosting antibacterial performance. In vitro…