Gail Deutsch, Lisa R. Young, Robin R. Deterding, Leland L. Fan et al.
RATIONALE: Considerable confusion exists regarding nomenclature, classification, and management of pediatric diffuse lung diseases due to the relative rarity and differences in the spectrum of disease between adults and young children. OBJECTIVES: A multidisciplinary working group was formed to: (1)...
Anne CC Lee, Simon Cousens, Stephen Wall, Susan Niermeyer et al.
BACKGROUND: Of 136 million babies born annually, around 10 million require assistance to breathe. Each year 814,000 neonatal deaths result from intrapartum-related events in term babies (previously "birth asphyxia") and 1.03 million from complications of prematurity. No systematic assessment of mort...
Sarah G. Moxon, Harriet Ruysen, Kate Kerber, Agbessi Amouzou et al.
BACKGROUND: The Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP), launched in 2014, aims to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths, with national targets of ≤12 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births and ≤12 stillbirths per 1000 total births by 2030. This requires ambitious improvement of the data on care at ...
Guillaume Émériaud, Yolanda M. López‐Fernández, Narayan P. Iyer, Melania M. Bembea et al.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to update our 2015 work in the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS), considering new evidence and topic areas that were not previously addressed. D...
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Mohammed Abdus Salam, Jonathan H. Smith, Tahmeed Ahmed et al.
Background In developing countries, mortality in children with very severe pneumonia is high, even with the provision of appropriate antibiotics, standard oxygen therapy, and other supportive care. We assessed whether oxygen therapy delivered by bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) impr...
Elizabeth Fitchett, Anna C. Seale, Stefania Vergnano, Michael Sharland et al.
Neonatal infections are estimated to account for a quarter of the 2·8 million annual neonatal deaths, as well as approximately 3% of all disability-adjusted life-years. Despite this burden, few data are available on incidence, aetiology, and outcomes, particularly regarding impairment. We aimed to d...
Rémi Villenave, Surendran Thavagnanam, Séverine Sarlang, Jeremy C. Parker et al.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major viral cause of severe pulmonary disease in young infants worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which RSV causes disease in humans remain poorly understood. To help bridge this gap, we developed an ex vivo/in vitro model of RSV infection based on well-di...
Aamer Imdad, Luke C. Mullany, Abdullah H Baqui, Shams El Arifeen et al.
BACKGROUND: There is an increased risk of serious neonatal infection arising through exposure of the umbilical cord to invasive pathogen in home and facility births where hygienic practices are difficult to achieve. The World Health Organization currently recommends 'dry cord care' because of insuff...
Peter J. Winch, Ashraful Alam, Afsana Akther, Dilara Afroz et al.
Background Understanding of local knowledge and practices relating to the newborn period, as locally defined, is needed in the development of interventions to reduce neonatal mortality. We describe the organisation of the neonatal period in Sylhet District, Bangladesh, the perceived threats to the w...
Helen Y. Chu, Mark C. Steinhoff, Amalia Magaret, Khalequ Zaman et al.
Background. Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood mortality globally. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important viral cause of pneumonia. Maternal serum antibody protects infants from RSV disease. The objective of our study was to characterize RSV antibody levels in mother-infant...
Louise T. Day, Harriet Ruysen, Vladimir Sergeevich Gordeev, Georgia R. Gore‐Langton et al.
BACKGROUND: - Birth Indicators Research Tracking in Hospitals (EN-BIRTH) study aims to validate selected newborn and maternal indicators for routine tracking of coverage and quality of facility-based care for use at district, national and global levels. METHODS: EN-BIRTH is an observational study in...
C. Joakim Ek, Barbara D’Angelo, Ana A. Baburamani, Christine Lehner et al.
Insults to the developing brain often result in irreparable damage resulting in long-term deficits in motor and cognitive functions. The only treatment today for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns is hypothermia, which has limited clinical benefit. We have studied changes to the blood...
The WHO ACTION Trials Collaborators
BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of antenatal glucocorticoids in women in low-resource countries who are at risk for preterm birth are uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a multicountry, randomized trial involving pregnant women between 26 weeks 0 days and 33 weeks 6 days of gestation who were at ri...
Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul Islam, Md. Abdullah‐Al‐Kamran Khan
An incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind impairment of lung pathobiology by COVID-19 complicates its clinical management. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of cells obtained from biopsies of COVID-19-affected patient and compared to the effects observed in ...
Nicolas Noulin, Valérie Quesniaux, Silvia Schnyder‐Candrian, Bruno Schnyder et al.
Inhaled endotoxin induces an inflammatory response that contributes to the development and severity of asthma and other forms of airway disease. Here, we show that inhaled endotoxin-induced acute bronchoconstriction, TNF, IL-12p40, and KC production, protein leak, and neutrophil recruitment in the l...