P.J. Devereaux, Maura Marcucci, Thomas Painter, David Conen et al.
BACKGROUND: Perioperative bleeding is common in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug that may safely decrease such bleeding. METHODS: We conducted a trial involving patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive trane...
Martin J. Mulvihill, Andrea R. Tao, Kanokraj Benjauthrit, John Arnold et al.
Getting to the bottom of groundwater: The development of a reliable, portable, and simple-to-use device for detecting arsenic in groundwater is urgently needed in developing nations such as Bangladesh, where contaminated groundwater is at the root of a public health crisis. Toward this end, a highly...
Helge Bruelheide, Jürgen Dengler, Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro, Oliver Purschke et al.
Abstract Aims Vegetation‐plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co‐occurring in the same community. Vegetation‐plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continen...
Daren K. Heyland, Allan Garland, Sean M. Bagshaw, Deborah Cook et al.
Purpose Increasingly, very old patients are admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The objective of this study was to describe 12-month outcomes of these patients and determine which characteristics are associated with a return to baseline physical function 1 year later. Methods In this prospectiv...
Hugh Waddington, Howard White, Birte Snilstveit, Jorge García Hombrados et al.
We provide a "how to" guide to undertake systematic reviews of effects in international development, by which we mean, synthesis of literature relating to the effectiveness of particular development interventions. Our remit includes determining the review's questions and scope, literature search, cr...
Andrew Mente, Mahshid Dehghan, Sumathy Rangarajan, Matthew McQueen et al.
Background The relation between dietary nutrients and cardiovascular disease risk markers in many regions worldwide is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary nutrients on blood lipids and blood pressure, two of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, in low...
Samba O. Sow, Khitam Muhsen, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder et al.
BACKGROUND: The importance of Cryptosporidium as a pediatric enteropathogen in developing countries is recognized. METHODS: Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), a 3-year, 7-site, case-control study of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and GEMS-1A (1-year study of MSD and less-sever...
Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Diana Romero, Christopher J. Kopka, Salim S. Abdool Karim et al.
Abstract Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governme...
Kristina E. Rudd, Christopher Seymour, Adam R. Aluisio, Marc E. Augustin et al.
Importance: The quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score has not been well-evaluated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: To assess the association of qSOFA with excess hospital death among patients with suspected infection in LMICs and to compare q...
Jack Stone, Hannah Fraser, Aaron G. Lim, Josephine G. Walker et al.
BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration and might be at high risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during or after incarceration. We aimed to assess whether incarceration history elevates HIV or HCV acquisition risk among PWID. METHODS: st...
Christine D. Palmer, Amy Rappaport, Matthew J. Davis, Meghan G. Hart et al.
Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapies provide limited benefit to patients with tumors of low immune reactivity. T cell-inducing vaccines hold promise to exert long-lasting disease control in combination with CPI therapy. Safety, tolerability and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of an individualized, h...
Marjan Walli-Attaei, Rasha Khatib, Martin McKee, Scott A. Lear et al.
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is considered the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but its control is poor worldwide. We aimed to assess the availability and affordability of blood pressure-lowering medicines, and the association with use of these medicines and blood pressure control...
David M. Geiser, Abdullah M. S. Al‐Hatmi, Takayuki Aoki, Tsutomu Arie et al.
Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user’s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agricultura...
Myron M. Levine, Dilruba Nasrin, Sozinho Acácio, Quique Bassat et al.
BACKGROUND: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was a 3-year case-control study that measured the burden, aetiology, and consequences of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in children aged 0-59 months. GEMS-1A, a 12-month follow-on study, comprised two parallel case-control studies, one asse...
Helen E. Gruber, Tracy Johnson, Kelly Leslie, Jane A. Ingram et al.
STUDY DESIGN: Work presented here used a small animal model to illustrate the feasibility of autologous disc cell implantation. OBJECTIVES: To develop a small animal model for autologous disc cell implantation. SUMMARY OF THE BACKGROUND DATA: The use of autologous disc cells in the potential treatme...
V. Spike Peterson
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments I am grateful to Georgina Waylen for her generosity in sharing prepublication work with me; and to Drucilla Barker, Jen Cohen, Deb Figart, Ellen Mutari, Julie Nelson, Paulette Olsen and Ara Wilson for conference discussions reg...
Helen E. Roy, Aníbal Pauchard, Peter Stoett, Tanara Renard Truong et al.
Although invasive alien species have long been recognized as a major threat to nature and people, until now there has been no comprehensive global review of the status, trends, drivers, impacts, management and governance challenges of biological invasions. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platfo...
Allan W. Taylor, Dianna M. Blau, Quique Bassat, Dickens Onyango et al.
BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia contributed 81% of 5·9 million under-5 deaths and 77% of 2·6 million stillbirths worldwide in 2015. Vital registration and verbal autopsy data are mainstays for the estimation of leading causes of death, but both are non-specific and focus on a single un...
Crystal Weagle, Graydon Snider, Chi Li, Aaron van Donkelaar et al.
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a leading risk factor for the global burden of disease. However, uncertainty remains about PM2.5 sources. We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulation for 2014, constrained by satellite-based estimates of PM2.5 to interpret gl...
Long Hang, Manohar John, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Emily A. Bridges et al.
In vivo-induced antigen technology is a method to identify proteins expressed by pathogenic bacteria during human infection. Sera from 10 patients convalescing from cholera infection in Bangladesh were pooled, adsorbed against in vitro-grown El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1, and used to probe a genomic exp...