Kate S. Baker, Timothy J. Dallman, Philip Ashton, Martin Day et al.
Background Shigellosis is an acute, severe bacterial colitis that, in high-income countries, is typically associated with travel to high-risk regions (Africa, Asia, and Latin America). Since the 1970s, shigellosis has also been reported as a sexually transmitted infection in men who have sex with me...
Shams El Arifeen, Aliki Christou, Laura Reichenbach, Ferdous Arfina Osman et al.
In Bangladesh, rapid advancements in coverage of many health interventions have coincided with impressive reductions in fertility and rates of maternal, infant, and childhood mortality. These advances, which have taken place despite such challenges as widespread poverty, political instability, and f...
Val Curtis, Wolf‐Peter Schmidt, Stephen P. Luby, Rocío Florez et al.
Although promotion of safe hygiene is the single most cost-effective means of preventing infectious disease, investment in hygiene is low both in the health and in the water and sanitation sectors. Evidence shows the benefit of improved hygiene, especially for improved handwashing and safe stool dis...
Jack Stone, Hannah Fraser, Aaron G. Lim, Josephine G. Walker et al.
BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration and might be at high risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during or after incarceration. We aimed to assess whether incarceration history elevates HIV or HCV acquisition risk among PWID. METHODS: st...
MF Gomes, MA Faiz, John O. Gyapong, Marian Warsame et al.
Background Most malaria deaths occur in rural areas. Rapid progression from illness to death can be interrupted by prompt, effective medication. Antimalarial treatment cannot rescue terminally ill patients but could be effective if given earlier. If patients who cannot be treated orally are several ...
Emma Fulu, Stephanie Spaid Miedema, Tim Roselli, Sarah McCook et al.
BACKGROUND: Although childhood trauma and violence against women are global public health issues, few population-based data from low-income and middle-income countries exist about the links between them. We present data from the UN Multi-country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific, exp...
Sarker Masud Parvez, Farjana Jahan, Marie‐Noël Bruné, Julia Gorman et al.
Electronic waste (e-waste) contains numerous chemicals harmful to human and ecological health. To update a 2013 review assessing adverse human health consequences of exposure to e-waste, we systematically reviewed studies reporting effects on humans related to e-waste exposure. We searched EMBASE, P...
Peter J. Winch, Ashraful Alam, Afsana Akther, Dilara Afroz et al.
Background Understanding of local knowledge and practices relating to the newborn period, as locally defined, is needed in the development of interventions to reduce neonatal mortality. We describe the organisation of the neonatal period in Sylhet District, Bangladesh, the perceived threats to the w...
Nurul Islam, G Angeles, A. Q. M. Mahbub, Peter Lance et al.
This report presents results from a census and mapping of slums in the six main cities of Bangladesh in 2005. This effort has generated a wealth of information about the location and basic characteristics of their slums. The outputs include detailed maps of the six cities providing timely informatio...
Elissa Kennedy, Gerda Binder, Karen Humphries-Waa, Tom Tidhar et al.
BACKGROUND: By adulthood, gender inequalities in health and wellbeing are apparent. Yet, the timing and nature of gender inequalities during childhood and adolescence are less clear. We describe the emergence of gender inequalities in health and wellbeing across the first two decades of life. METHOD...
Allan W. Taylor, Dianna M. Blau, Quique Bassat, Dickens Onyango et al.
BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia contributed 81% of 5·9 million under-5 deaths and 77% of 2·6 million stillbirths worldwide in 2015. Vital registration and verbal autopsy data are mainstays for the estimation of leading causes of death, but both are non-specific and focus on a single un...
Shams El Arifeen, Kenneth Hill, Karar Zunaid Ahsan, Kanta Jamil et al.
Background Bangladesh is one of the only nine Countdown countries that are on track to achieve the primary target of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 by 2015. It is also the only low-income or middle-income country with two large, nationally-representative, high-quality household surveys focused ...
Robert F. Breiman, Peter Kim Streatfield, Maureen Phelan, Naima Shifa et al.
Background In developing countries, immunisation programmes must compete with other strategies to improve public health and quality of life. Studies of long-term effects of immunisation programmes are rare. We assessed associations between vaccinations and mortality over 15 years after the introduct...
Firdausi Qadri, Farhana Khanam, Xinxue Liu, Katherine Theiss-Nyland et al.
BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-TT) is recommended by WHO for implementation in high-burden countries, but there is little evidence about its ability to protect against clini...
Gustavo Ángeles, Peter Lance, Janine Barden-O’Fallon, Nazrul Islam et al.
BACKGROUND: The concentration of poverty and adverse environmental circumstances within slums, particularly those in the cities of developing countries, are an increasingly important concern for both public health policy initiatives and related programs in other sectors. However, there is a dearth o...