Katherine L. O’Brien, Henry C. Baggett, W. Abdullah Brooks, Daniel R. Feikin et al.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years. In this study, we estimated causes of pneumonia in young African and Asian children, using novel analytical methods applied to clinical and microbiological findings. METHODS: We did a multi-site, international c...
Mark K. Schutze, Nidchaya Aketarawong, Weerawan Amornsak, Karen Armstrong et al.
Abstract Bactrocera papayae D rew & H ancock, B actrocera philippinensis D rew & H ancock, B actrocera carambolae D rew & H ancock, and B actrocera invadens D rew, T suruta & W hite are four horticultural pest tephritid fruit fly species that are highly similar, morphologically and g...
Xin Wang, You Li, Maria Deloria Knoll, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Human metapneumovirus is a common virus associated with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children. No global burden estimates are available for ALRIs associated with human metapneumovirus in children, and no licensed vaccines or drugs exist for human metapneumovirus infectio...
Henry C. Baggett, Nora L. Watson, Maria Deloria Knoll, W. Abdullah Brooks et al.
BACKGROUND.: Previous studies suggested an association between upper airway pneumococcal colonization density and pneumococcal pneumonia, but data in children are limited. Using data from the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study, we assessed this potential association. METHODS....
Melissa M. Higdon, Tham Le, Katherine L. O’Brien, David R. Murdoch et al.
BACKGROUND.: Lack of a gold standard for identifying bacterial and viral etiologies of pneumonia has limited evaluation of C-reactive protein (CRP) for identifying bacterial pneumonia. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of CRP for identifying bacterial vs respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ...
Adrian Leftwich
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Atul Kohli, ‘State, society and development’, in: Ira Katnelson & Helen V. Milner (eds), Political Science: The State of the Discipline (W. W. Norton & Co., 2002), p. 117. 2. Dani Rodrik, ‘Growth strategies’, in: Philippe Aghion & Ste...
Amanda J. Driscoll, Maria Deloria Knoll, Laura L. Hammitt, Henry C. Baggett et al.
BACKGROUND.: Antibiotic exposure and specimen volume are known to affect pathogen detection by culture. Here we assess their effects on bacterial pathogen detection by both culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in children. METHODS.: PERCH (Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health) is a ca...
Daniel R. Feikin, Wei Fu, Daniel E. Park, Qiyuan Shi et al.
BACKGROUND.: The etiologic inference of identifying a pathogen in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of children with pneumonia is unclear. To determine if viral load could provide evidence of causality of pneumonia, we compared viral load in the URT of children with World Health Organization-defined...
Nicholas Fancourt, Maria Deloria Knoll, Henry C. Baggett, W. Abdullah Brooks et al.
BACKGROUND.: Chest radiographs (CXRs) are frequently used to assess pneumonia cases. Variations in CXR appearances between epidemiological settings and their correlation with clinical signs are not well documented. METHODS.: The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health project enrolled 4232 case...
Cathrine Axfors, Perrine Janiaud, Andreas M. Schmitt, Janneke van ’t Hooft et al.
Abstract Background Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatm...
Daniel E. Park, Henry C. Baggett, Stephen R. C. Howie, Qiyuan Shi et al.
BACKGROUND.: There is limited information on the association between colonization density of upper respiratory tract colonizers and pathogen-specific pneumonia. We assessed this association for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. METHODS....
Andrea N. DeLuca, Laura L. Hammitt, Julia Kim, Melissa M. Higdon et al.
BACKGROUND.: Induced sputum (IS) may provide diagnostic information about the etiology of pneumonia. The safety of this procedure across a heterogeneous population with severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries has not been described. METHODS.: IS specimens were obtained as part a 7-count...
Roy L. Prosterman, Mary N. Temple, Timothy M. Hanstad
Part 1 Asia: Philippine land reform in the 1980s, Jeffrey Riedinger explaining anomalies in agrarian reform - lessons from South India, Ronald J.Herring Bangladesh - a strategy for agrarian reform, F.Tomasson Jannuzi and James T.Peach China - a fieldwork-based appraisal of the household responsibili...
Samuel Gebremedhn, Asghar Ali, M.M. Hossain, Michael Hoelker et al.
Mammalian reproductive health affects the entire reproductive cycle starting with the ovarian function through implantation and fetal growth. Various environmental and physiological factors contribute to disturbed reproductive health status leading to infertility problems in mammalian species. In th...
David R. Murdoch, Susan C. Morpeth, Laura L. Hammitt, Amanda J. Driscoll et al.
BACKGROUND.: It is standard practice for laboratories to assess the cellular quality of expectorated sputum specimens to check that they originated from the lower respiratory tract. The presence of low numbers of squamous epithelial cells (SECs) and high numbers of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells are ...