Shah M. Faruque, M. John Albert, John J. Mekalanos
Cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem confronting developing countries, where outbreaks occur in a regular seasonal pattern and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. The disease is characterized by a devastating watery diarrhea which lea...
Bryan P. Wallace, Andrew DiMatteo, Brendan Hurley, Elena M. Finkbeiner et al.
BACKGROUND: Resolving threats to widely distributed marine megafauna requires definition of the geographic distributions of both the threats as well as the population unit(s) of interest. In turn, because individual threats can operate on varying spatial scales, their impacts can affect different se...
Bryan P. Wallace, Andrew DiMatteo, Alan B. Bolten, Milani Chaloupka et al.
Where conservation resources are limited and conservation targets are diverse, robust yet flexible priority-setting frameworks are vital. Priority-setting is especially important for geographically widespread species with distinct populations subject to multiple threats that operate on different spa...
Xin Wang, You Li, Katherine L. O’Brien, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this s...
Marc Monot, Nadine Honoré, Thierry Garnier, Nora Zidane et al.
Reductive evolution and massive pseudogene formation have shaped the 3.31-Mb genome of Mycobacterium leprae, an unculturable obligate pathogen that causes leprosy in humans. The complete genome sequence of M. leprae strain Br4923 from Brazil was obtained by conventional methods (6x coverage), and Il...
Chiho Matsumoto, Jun Okuda, Masanori Ishibashi, Masaaki Iwanaga et al.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 strains responsible for the increase in the number of cases of diarrhea in Calcutta, India, beginning in February 1996 and those isolated from Southeast Asian travelers beginning in 1995 were shown to belong to a unique clone characterized by possession of the tdh gene ...
M. John Albert, Abdullah Siddique, M. Sirajul Islam, Abu Syed Golam Faruque et al.
M. John Albert, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Shah M. Faruque, R. Bradley Sack et al.
The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, is a major center for research into diarrheal diseases. The center treats more than 100,000 patients a year. To obtain useful information representative of all patients, a surveillance system in which a 4% systematic sample of all...
Anwar Huq, R. Bradley Sack, Azhar Nizam, Ira M. Longini et al.
The occurrence of outbreaks of cholera in Africa in 1970 and in Latin America in 1991, mainly in coastal communities, and the appearance of the new serotype Vibrio cholerae O139 in India and subsequently in Bangladesh have stimulated efforts to understand environmental factors influencing the growth...
Warish Ahmed, Stuart L. Simpson, Paul M. Bertsch, Kyle Bibby et al.
Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective and resource-efficient tool for gathering community-level public health information, including the incidence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of Severe Acute Respira...
Daren K. Heyland, Allan Garland, Sean M. Bagshaw, Deborah Cook et al.
Purpose Increasingly, very old patients are admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The objective of this study was to describe 12-month outcomes of these patients and determine which characteristics are associated with a return to baseline physical function 1 year later. Methods In this prospectiv...
M. JOHN ALBERT, M. Ansaruzzaman, Kaisar A. Talukder, Ashok K. Chopra et al.
Aeromonads are causative agents of a number of human infections. Even though aeromonads have been isolated from patients suffering from diarrhea, their etiological role in gastroenteritis is unclear. In spite of a number of virulence factors produced by Aeromonas species, their association with diar...
Tran Thuy Chau, James Campbell, Claudia M. Galindo, Nguyễn Văn Minh Hoàng et al.
ABSTRACT This study describes the pattern and extent of drug resistance in 1,774 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated across Asia between 1993 and 2005 and characterizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the reduced susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones of these strains. For 1,393 ...
Leanne Unicomb, Goutam Podder, Jon R. Gentsch, Patricia Woods et al.
We characterized 1,534 rotavirus (RV) strains collected in Bangladesh from 1992 to 1997 to assess temporal changes in G type and to study the most common G and P types using reverse transcription-PCR, oligonucleotide probe hybridization, and monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay. Results from...
Firdausi Qadri, Swadesh K. Das, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, George J. Fuchs et al.
The prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors (CFs) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was prospectively studied with fresh samples (n = 4,662) obtained from a 2% routine surveillance of diarrheal stool samples over 2 years, from September 1996 to August 1998. Stool samples were tes...